They formed atoms. Then those atoms grouped together. Over lots of time, atoms came together to form stars and galaxies.
The first stars created bigger atoms and groups of atoms. That led to more stars being born. At the same time, galaxies were crashing and grouping together. As new stars were being born and dying, then things like asteroids, comets, planets, and black holes formed! How long did all of this take? That is a very long time. Because it got so big and led to such great things, some people call it the " Big Bang. Have you heard the name Hubble before? In a study, researchers did so by investigating the split between matter and antimatter.
In the study, not yet peer-reviewed, they proposed that the imbalance in the amount of matter and antimatter in the universe is related to the universe's vast quantities of dark matter, an unknown substance that exerts influence over gravity and yet doesn't interact with light. They suggested that in the crucial moments immediately after the Big Bang, the universe may have been pushed to make more matter than its inverse, antimatter, which then could have led to the formation of dark matter.
Read more: What came before the Big Bang? The CMB has been observed by many researchers now and with many spacecraft missions. Planck's observations, first released in , mapped the CMB in unprecedented detail and revealed that the universe was older than previously thought: The research observatory's mission is ongoing and new maps of the CMB are released periodically.
Related: How old is the universe? The maps give rise to new mysteries, however, such as why the Southern Hemisphere appears slightly redder warmer than the Northern Hemisphere.
Examining the CMB also gives astronomers clues as to the composition of the universe. Researchers think most of the cosmos is made up of matter and energy that cannot be "sensed" with our conventional instruments, leading to the names "dark matter" and "dark energy. While astronomers study the universe's beginnings through creative measures and mathematical simulations, they've also been seeking out proof of its rapid inflation.
They have done this by studying gravitational waves , tiny perturbations in space-time that ripple outwards from great disturbances like, for instance, two black holes colliding, or the birth of the universe. According to leading theories, in the first second after the universe was born, our cosmos ballooned faster than the speed of light. That, by the way, does not violate Albert Einstein's speed limit. He once said that light speed is the fastest anything can travel within the universe — but that statement did not apply to the inflation of the universe itself.
As the universe expanded, it created the CMB and a similar "background noise" made up of gravitational waves that, like the CMB, were a sort of static, detectable from all parts of the sky.
Those gravitational waves, according to the LIGO Scientific Collaboration , produced a theorized barely-detectable polarization, one type of which is called "B-modes. But by June, the same team said that their findings could have been altered by galactic dust getting in the way of their field of view.
That hypothesis was supported by new results from the Planck satellite. By January , researchers from both teams working together "confirmed that the Bicep signal was mostly, if not all, stardust," the New York Times said. However, since then gravitational waves have not only been confirmed to exist, they have been observed multiple times.
These waves, which are not B-modes from the birth of the universe but rather from more recent collisions of black holes, have been detected multiple times by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory LIGO , with the first-ever gravitational wave detection taking place in As LIGO becomes more sensitive, it is anticipated that discovering black hole-related gravitational waves will be a fairly frequent event.
The universe is not only expanding, but expanding faster. This means that with time, nobody will be able to spot other galaxies from Earth, or any other vantage point within our galaxy. What that means is that even light won't be able to bridge the gap that's being opened between that galaxy and us.
There's no way for extraterrestrials on that galaxy to communicate with us, to send any signals that will reach us, once their galaxy is moving faster than light relative to us. Related: Big Bang Theory: 5 weird facts about seeing the universe's birth. Some physicists also suggest that the universe we experience is just one of many.
Primarily for these reasons, Big Bang theory is still not universally accepted. It is, however, the most promising theory to explain how our Universe came to be if inflation is included , and hence forms part of the current concordance model for cosmology.
The Big Bang model is supported by three important observations: The expansion of the Universe as deduced from the distance - redshift relationship for galaxies and described by the Hubble law. Extrapolating the observed expansion backwards in time, one reaches the conclusion that at some time in the distant past, all matter in the Universe must have been contained in a small region of space. The abundances of the lightest elements hydrogen, helium, deuterium, lithium are consistent with their creation in a Big Bang event and not via subsequent nucleosynthesis in stars.
In particular, the abundances of helium the total amount is much larger than could have been produced by stellar nucleosynthesis and deuterium stars can only destroy deuterium strongly suggest their synthesis in the Big Bang.
The cosmic microwave background radiation. As a result of the expansion of the Universe, it was predicted that radiation from the Big Bang would have cooled to about 3 degrees Kelvin at the present epoch.
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