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But for many people, the hookah-smoking Caterpillar and his magic mushroom remain far more closely associated with the s than the s.
There are many other local references: there is a real treacle healing well near Oxford in the village of Binsey, and Alice also plays a grotesque version of the croquet games she would have enjoyed in Christ Church. In fact many critics are convinced that the whole story is so full of references to the city that it should be viewed as an elaborate Oxford in-joke.
Some critics have suggested that the story is partly about eating disorders, pointing out that Carroll himself was rake-thin and rarely ate more than biscuit for lunch. Others have seen it as an elaborate celebration of the picnic teas he provided for the Liddell children.
When the Caterpillar asks Alice, "Who are you? Life can also seem mad but by discovering who we are, and accepting ourselves, assures a much smoother ride through our own journey. By learning to listen to our instincts and be a little more objective, we can apply the wisdom we give to others to ourselves. Whether you're a Cheshire Cat or an adventurous Alice, you can come together in the activity room in Wonderland.
While this shows just how much has happened to Alice since her journey began, Lewis Carroll imbues the line with multiple meanings. By closing past chapters, we can write our future without stewing on the regrets, mistakes and disappointments we all encounter.
Accepting other people is good, but sometimes people are just jerks. The Queen of Hearts, for example, gets her excitement from belittling, berating and beating her subjects, including her own husband. Yet none of that stopped Carroll from thinking of Wonderland as a hazy mixture of fairyland and heaven. Only in this way could they share in her discovery that Wonderland was not a place but a state of mind. Alice Liddell soon outgrew the miniature world Carroll had created for her.
Whether it was more awkward for him or her he did not say. The fictional Alice, on the other hand, was a girl he could keep close without any fear of her leaving him behind. As with his photographs, his stories were sealed environments in which little girls could stay little. Over the next 30 years, Carroll experimented with this idea in various ways.
The fictional Alice was now seven and a half, as she tells Humpty Dumpty, meaning that in the six years that had passed since her last appearance, she had aged only six months. In , he collaborated on a theatrical version, which brought Alice to life on the stage, but also allowed her to be replaced whenever she grew too old.
Carroll was not alone in wondering whether his heroine would always remain the same. His original stories continued to be the standard against which all successors would be measured, but alongside the original Alice there was now a growing army of Alice-alikes. Together these fictional offspring created the curious phenomenon of a literary figure who was becoming more complex not within a single work, by revealing more with each turn of the page, but by generating extra versions of herself.
Already any clear distinction between the two Alice books had started to dissolve, and Wonderland was widely assumed to include both territories, forming a Greater Wonderland, or Onederland, in the public imagination. Soon it had spawned a whole galaxy of literary rivals, as modern Alices busied themselves exploring Blunderland, Pictureland, Merryland, Emblemland, Monsterland, Motorland, Thunderland, Plunderland, Rainbowland, Justnowland, and, in a rare concession to realism, Cambridge.
Some spiritualists tried to argue that ghosts were drifting around in a posthumous Wonderland of their own. Even Sir Arthur Conan Doyle , who published a set of photographs in of two girls from the Yorkshire village of Cottingley, alongside what they claimed were frolicking fairies, felt the need to rename one of the girls Alice, as if the real Wonderland was the invisible world that surrounded us every day.
For most of the action, the Alice books remain in the background, like the steady grumbling of the guns; only occasionally do they flare into life to remind the audience that they have been there all along.
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